ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
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Abstract
Introduction: Organophosphorus compounds are widely used as pesticides, herbicides, and chemical warfare agents due to their potent toxic effects on the nervous system. However, exposure to these compounds can result in acute toxicity, leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations and management challenges. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of OP poisoning, emphasizing its clinical manifestations, management strategies, and preventive measures.
Background: OP poisoning occurs due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to excessive accumulation of acetylcholine and overstimulation of cholinergic receptors. This results in a variety of symptoms, including excessive salivation, lacrimation, muscle weakness, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse. Management of OP poisoning involves rapid diagnosis, decontamination, administration of antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime, and supportive care. Long-term complications, including neurologic deficits and respiratory dysfunction, highlight the importance of preventive measures and ongoing monitoring.
Discussion: Clinical manifestations of OP poisoning include excessive salivation, lacrimation, sweating, abdominal cramps, muscle weakness, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse. Management strategies encompass rapid diagnosis, decontamination, antidote administration, supportive care, and long-term monitoring. Complications may include neurologic deficits, respiratory dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality. Preventive measures include proper storage, safety training, regulatory measures, and public awareness campaigns.
Conclusion: Organophosphorus poisoning remains a significant public health concern, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. Prompt recognition, appropriate treatment, and preventive measures are essential for mitigating the burden of OP poisoning on individuals and communities. Continuous research and education are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the incidence of OP poisoning worldwide