INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND PROGRAMMED DEATH-1 CORRELATION IN SUBJECTS DIAGNOSED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN THE PROVINCE OF BASRA / IRAQ

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Several biological indicators have been suggested as potential predictors of subclinical occurrences in SLE. We aimed to examine the correlation between certain inflammatory cytokines and PD-1 in SLE subjects.

Methods: This study had 43 SLE and 53 healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected and subjected to biochemical analysis. Furthermore, the subjects underwent medical history assessments using standardized self-administered questionnaires.

Results:  Statistically significant increases (p<0.01) were observed in MDA, CRP, ANA, Anti-dsDNA, urea, creatinine, IL-18, IL-37, and PD-1, conversely, statistically significant decreases (p<0.01) were observed in C3, C4, CH50, TAC, and GFR in serum levels of SLE subjects compared to controls. This study revealed a positive correlation between IL-18, IL-37, and PD-1, which exhibited significantly positive correlations with MDA, CRP, ANA, anti-dsDNA, urea, and creatinine, and significantly negative correlations with C3, C4, CH50, TAC, and GFR. Moreover, the AUC of ROC curve for IL-18, IL-37, and PD-1 was calculated (0.985, 0.968, and 0.940, respectively).

Conclusion: The potential inflammatory biomarkers for the early development of SLE subjects may include IL-18 and IL-37, which exhibit a positive correlation with PD-1. Additionally, the high positive value of the AUC for IL-18, IL-37, and PD-1 further supports their potential as biomarkers in this context.