THE EFFECT OF BRASSICA NIGRA SEED ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT ON ESOPHAGEAL CANCER CELL LINE

Abstract

Abstract

Background: The seeds of Brassica nigra have important medicinal uses in treatment of rheumatism , joint pains, anticancer agent that lowers the risk of cancer and lowering the growth of cancer cells.

Objectives: The objectives of this work were to extract and analyze the phytochemical components in mustard seed alcoholic extract using GC-MS, as well as investigate the cytotoxicity effect of Brassica nigra alcoholic seed extract against esophageal cancer cell line and MDCK normal cell line .

Materials and Methods: Because the seeds of Brassica nigra have a range of medicinal properties, Using GC-MS, qualitative analysis was utilized to identify the phytochemicals contained in Brassica nigra seed extract. The cytotoxicity test was established using esophageal cancer cell line (KYS-30) and the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) normal cell line was employed to evaluate the crude extract's safety. The cells was cultivated in 96-well microtiter plates. And the plates were subjected to a series of (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg\ml) dilution concentrations of alcoholic Brassica nigra seed extract alone and in combination with Cisplatin drug. We utilized the crystal violate test to assay the viability of cells. 

Results: By using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 40 volatile chemicals were found in Brassica nigra isopropanolic extract. The extract contained bicyclo[10.10]tridec-1-ene (11.73%) as the most volatile component. The cytotoxicity results show no significant decrease in MDCK normal cell line and a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in cell viability with Brassica nigra alcoholic extract on esophageal cancer cell line (KYS-30) at a concentration of 1000 ug/ml after incubation for 48 hours. When the plant extract was combined with an anticancer drug (cisplatin), the results showed a significant decrease in cell viability at all concentrations on the esophageal cancer cell line (KYS-30).

Conclusion: The crude extract of Brassica nigra seed alone or in combination with cisplatin, showed a growth-inhibitory effect as it reduced the viability of the esophageal cancer cell line, and the safety is demonstrated by showing that normal cells are not affected.