TOXICOLOGY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A REVIEW OF COMMON POISONINGS AND MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS
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Abstract
Toxicology emergencies represent a significant burden on emergency department (ED) resources worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common poisonings encountered in the ED, along with evidence-based management protocols. The review covers poisonings involving acetaminophen, opioids, carbon monoxide, organophosphates, benzodiazepines, ethanol, salicylates, and cyanide. Each poisoning is discussed in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies. General principles of toxicology management in the ED are also outlined. Understanding these common toxicological emergencies and their management protocols is essential for emergency physicians to provide timely and effective care to poisoned patients.