ISOLATION AND PRODUCTION OF CHITOSAN PHOSPHORYLATION FROM MARINE SQUID PEN AND INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF CLINICAL PATHOGENS

Abstract

AIM: Characterisation and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of phosphorylated chitosan isolated from Sepioteuthis lessoniana gladius

INTRODUCTION: Gladius (exoskeleton) of Sepioteuthis lessoniana (marine squid) is considered a waste product in seafood processing industries. Chitin is a semi transparent material which is present in the crustacean exoskeleton which is further demineralized and deproteinated.

MATERIALS & METHODS: Chitin is deacetylated in strong alkali and additionally phosphorylated using orthophosphoric acid. Characterisation of the chitosan is done by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy to identify the functional groups. SEM imaging is performed for cross sectional analysis. X Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is performed to analyze the morphology. Antimicrobial analysis is done using bacterial and fungal pathogens.

RESULTS: The peaks obtained in the FTIR analysis show the presence of -OH AND -CH2 functional groups. The XRD analysis shows the porous gel network of chitosan. The SEM analysis shows the diamond or crystal amorphous morphology of phosphorylated chitosan. The agar diffusion assay shows that phosphorylated chitosan has potential antimicrobial activity at 100 % concentration against S.mutans and E.coli .

DISCUSSION :  Chitosan phosphorylation is done. FTIR analysis suggests that the hydroxyl as well as methylene groups may be causing antimicrobial action against clinical pathogens. XRD analysis shows a very broad peak at 2θ = 20° suggesting that chitosan has good biocompatibility. The SEM imaging shows the cross section of randomly oriented grains suggesting the possibility of better interaction of the chitosan with the tissue structure and the pathogens as well . The antibacterial action observed was significant whereas anti fungal action was not observed suggesting that the chitosan produced can be used as potential anti bactericide .

CONCLUSION : The study concluded that the S.lessoniana based gladius used for making phosphorylated chitosan , can be utilized as an antibacterial agent , whereas more research is required to analyze the anti fungal properties of this material .