“TO DETERMINE THE INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OPTIONS, AND OUTCOMES OF MOLAR PREGNANCY”
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy characterized by varying degrees of trophoblastic proliferation (both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast) and vesicular swelling of placental villi associated with an absent or abnormal fetus/embryo. Hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is the pre‑malignant form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It is of clinical and epidemiological interest because of its significant complication in pregnancy.
Aim: This study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes of molar pregnancy in a tertiary health care institute of central India population.
Materials and Methods: A 4‑year prospective with retrospective study of patients with molar pregnancy managed at the hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 was undertaken. The information on the age, parity, marital status, highest level of education, and gestational age at presentation were extracted from the case files. The data obtained were put in percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The data processing and analysis were carried out using Epi‑info 2008 version 3.5.1 for windows.
Results: There were 93 cases of molar pregnancy, out of a total delivery, giving an incidence of 0.1% or 1 in 96 deliveries. The mean age of the patients was 31.3 (8.7) years, and 29.0% of the patients were nulliparous. The mean gestational age of the patients at presentation was 14.7 (3.5) weeks. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding, 93.5%, while anemia was the commonest complication seen in 96.8% of patients. Almost all the patients (93.5%) had suction evacuation while 6.5% had hysterectomy. As many as 6.5% of patients had post‑evacuation chemotherapy while 87.1% patients had follow‑up contraception. As many as 64.5% of patients had complete follow‑up for less than 6 months. The case fatality rate was 9.7%.
Conclusion: Molar pregnancy has remained an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our hospital, and the incidence was high. So there is need for early diagnosis, urgent referral, proper and immediate treatment is very necessary. Adequate follow‑up of the patients should be taken.