ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: RISK STRATIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) includes ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina, straining worldwide healthcare systems. ACS risk factors and clinical outcomes must be understood to improve patient care and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Risk Factors of ACS: Common risk factors for ACS include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, and family history of cardiovascular disease. These factors cause plaque rupture and myocardial ischemia by promoting atherosclerosis.
Result & Discussion: Analysis of patient data reveals age distribution and risk factor differences among ACS subtypes. STEMI patients were younger and had higher ST-segment elevation rates, while NSTEMI and unstable angina patients had more comorbidities such hypertension and diabetes. For STEMI, initial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is favoured, while NSTEMI patients get fibrinolysis or delayed PCI. NSTEMI patients had the highest in-hospital mortality, followed by STEMI and unstable angina.
Conclusion: Improving outcomes in ACS patients requires optimizing risk factor management and following guideline-directed therapy. Reducing cardiovascular disease and improving patient outcomes requires tailoring therapeutic tactics to ACS subtypes and executing thorough secondary preventive efforts.