Investigating Gallbladder Stone Disease in General Surgery

Abstract

Abstract
The prevalence of gallbladder stone disease (GSD) has surged over the past three decades, emerging as a prominent medical concern in India. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of GSD across India and delve into the associated risk factors, with a focus on general surgery implications. Conducted from August 2021 to July 2022, a cross-sectional survey encompassed 15,256 individuals from three districts, comprising 8,617 males and 6,639 females aged between 20 and 79 years. Clinical data collection involved questionnaires, physical examinations, and biochemical analyses, with GSD diagnosis established through type B ultrasonography. Analysis revealed a GSD prevalence of 7.02%, escalating with age and notably higher in females compared to males (8.10% vs. 6.19%). Cholecystectomy rates stood at 2.48% overall, with females undergoing the procedure nearly twice as often as males (3.42% vs. 1.75%). Logistic regression uncovered several risk factors associated with GSD, including female gender, advanced age, fatty liver disease, familial history of cholelithiasis, hypertension, and elevated body mass index. This comprehensive study underscores the burgeoning prevalence of GSD in India, shedding light on the imperative for heightened awareness, prevention strategies, and enhanced surgical interventions tailored to combat this escalating health challenge.