ASSESSMENT OF LEVELS OF SOME HEAVY ELEMENTS IN GROUNDWATER OF AL-HAWIJA DISTRICT AND STUDY THEIR HEALTH RISKS
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Abstract
Abstract: The current study was conducted in the Department of Life Sciences/Faculty of Pure Science Education/University of Tikrit, from November 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024. To assess the quality of groundwater in Al-Hawija district, northern Iraq, water samples were collected from ten randomly selected wells in the study area, with one sample per site monthly, starting from January 2023 until December 2023. The concentrations of heavy elements in well water were determined, including Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe). Health risks of drinking water in the study area were assessed using global mathematical models. The results were as follows: Zinc concentrations ranged from 0.041 to 1.251 mg/L, Cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.091 mg/L, Nickel concentrations ranged from 0.010 to 0.074 mg/L, while Iron concentrations ranged from 0.030 to 3.593 mg/L. It was found that there was an increase in the exposure rate to Iron and Zinc due to their high concentrations in water. The health risk quotient for the studied elements was less than 1, except for the health risk quotient for Cadmium concentrations in dermal contact in adults, which reached a true value of 1, and the health risk index for Cadmium in adults which reached 1.007. The rest of the results indicated no adverse health effects for these elements in both adults and children. The results showed a carcinogenic health risk for Cadmium of medium type through ingestion and dermal contact.
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Moafaq Anhab Saleh, H. I. M. (2024). ASSESSMENT OF LEVELS OF SOME HEAVY ELEMENTS IN GROUNDWATER OF AL-HAWIJA DISTRICT AND STUDY THEIR HEALTH RISKS. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Forum, 34(3s), 1176–1181. Retrieved from https://obstetricsandgynaecologyforum.com/index.php/ogf/article/view/441
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