Microalgal Mucidospaerium Species and Mitochondrial Regulation in Inflammatory Arthritis: Surgical Considerations

Abstract

Abstract
In the landscape of inflammatory arthritis, typified by conditions such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA), the dysregulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) emerges as a pivotal player, orchestrated by inflammatory cytokines and orchestrated within the intricate milieu of synovial and cartilaginous mitochondria. Our investigation unveils a profound disruption in mitochondrial dynamics within human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes (FLSs) under the influence of IL-1β, a key mediator in arthritis pathogenesis. This dysregulation manifests as a shift towards decreased filamentous mitochondria and an increase in rounded mitochondria, accompanied by a consequential decline in cellular ATP levels and a surge in ROS production in IL-1β-stimulated FLSs. Importantly, these alterations underscore a compelling relationship between mitochondrial morphology and function, crucial in the trajectory of inflammatory arthritis. Notably, the detrimental effects induced by IL-1β on mitochondrial integrity and function are abrogated by the administration of an extract sourced from a novel strain of Microalgal Mucidospaerium species RG92. This intervention not only highlights the intricate interplay between Microalgal Mucidospaerium species and mitochondrial regulation but also emphasizes its potential therapeutic implications in mitigating the progression of inflammatory arthritis. Thus, within the realm of surgical considerations in addressing inflammatory arthritis, our findings accentuate the pivotal role of Microalgal Mucidospaerium species in modulating mitochondrial dynamics, offering a promising avenue for novel treatment modalities.