Effectiveness Of Structured Antenatal Physiotherapy Module During Second Trimester Of Pregnency In Primigravida Women- Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured antenatal physiotherapy module during the second trimester of pregnancy in primigravida women. Conducted over four years at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KIMSDU, the study involved 108 healthy primigravida women, aged 20-29 years, with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies and gestational ages between 14-24 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 54 each, with informed consent obtained from all subjects.

Method: Group A received standard antenatal care, which included endurance training through walking, mild stretching exercises for flexibility, Kegel exercises for pelvic floor strengthening, progressive muscular relaxation for relaxation, and ergonomic advice on back care, posture, and lifting techniques. Group B received the same standard antenatal care combined with a structured antenatal physiotherapy module. This module incorporated specific yoga postures (e.g., Janu Sirasana, Baddha Konasana), additional strengthening exercises using light weights, and Pilates exercises aimed at core stability and flexibility.

Primary Outcome: Primary outcomes measured were maternal comfort, reduction of pregnancy-related discomforts, and overall physical fitness levels. Secondary outcomes included adherence to exercise protocols, maternal satisfaction, and potential adverse effects. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and physical assessments at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention.

Results indicated that the structured antenatal physiotherapy module significantly improved maternal comfort and physical fitness compared to the conventional physiotherapy exercises alone. Participants in Group B reported lower levels of back pain and higher overall satisfaction with their physical well-being. Adherence to the structured program was higher, and no significant adverse effects were reported.