COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN THE ELDERLY: CLINICAL FEATURES, MANAGEMENT, AND OUTCOMES

Abstract

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) increases geriatric morbidity and death. Preventive vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza is advised, however its effect on elderly CAP incidence and severity is unknown. This study examines whether vaccination reduces CAP incidence and severity in 65-year-olds.
Method & Material: The study involved 1,200 elderly people from primary care clinics and hospitals in a two-year prospective cohort study. Participants 65 and older with CAP symptoms were studied. Baseline demographics, medical history, and vaccination status were documented. Vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were classified by Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza vaccination status. Basic variables like age, gender, comorbidities, and smoking status were examined. Regular follow-ups assessed CAP incidence, severity, and clinical outcomes. Results and Discussion: 600 of the 1,200 senior volunteers were vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza, while 600 were not. CAP cases were considerably lower in the vaccinated group (10.0 vs. 15.0 cases per 100 person-years). Vaccinated people also had lower death rates, shorter hospital stays, and lower chance of severe CAP. These data emphasize the relevance of vaccination in preventing and reducing CAP in the elderly. Conclusion: The conclusion is that vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza significantly reduces community-acquired pneumonia in elderly people. Public health interventions to increase senior vaccine uptake should maximize preventative tactics and improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Continued research and vaccination initiatives are needed to improve elderly CAP prevention.